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Milk Fed Tone Mapping

I've recently been trying something called tone-mapping. It's a feature of an image processing program called Photomatix. Usually it's done as part of the process of making a high dynamic range (HDR) image from an exposure bracketed series of images of the same scene. But the tone-mapping can be done on a single image too. I've posted in this tabblo some of the results of my experimenting.

 

I hope this tabblo has given you some idea of what tone mapping can do. I've not yet tried the surreal effects that tone mapping can generate. Here I used it to make interesting images a little more vibrant.

*****

Here's a B&W version processed through the image editor. Nothing of note maybe other than the "X" that comes out in the upper left with the color handling in the conversion.

The first image, above and to the right, is of one of the meat processing buildings that hasn't been turned into a hotel, restaurant, club or trendy shop (Apple just opened a huge store nearby) in the "meat-packing" district of the West Village. The original un-processed version of the image is on the right. It's pretty much a loss. Reasonable content but the light was both too flat and too wide in range to get good coverage on all of the frame. But look at the tone-mapped image at the top. It's got good visual appeal. A keeper. In a nutshell, that's tone-mapping. Taking a flat, uninteresting image with possibilities and bringing out those possibilities.

 

The tone mapping program has a bunch of different adjustments that can be made on an image. Usually they're made with slider controls. I won't go into the specifics. For the most part I just take a slider and move it to the opposite end to see what it does. If the effect is too strong then I cut back till I can see what a more subtle result would be. Experiment and see what works best for you. For the calf wall paintings it seemed to go almost surreal in the upper left corner, giving a somewhat phosphorescent effect, while giving the rest of the image lots of saturation and "snap." The problem of the dark to light range seemed to be solved automatically, though I did some added adjustments afterwards. (Seems I made the kneeling calf a little too muddy.)

 

Another image. A wooden zebra on the sidewalk as a draw for an art museum for children. Not a bad image. Has some draw with its quirky quality. Still, it's a bit flat. Maybe if there was a kid in the picture looking back at the turned head of the zebra. Can't help that, though maybe that'll be a further image editing adventure. What about trying tone mapping?

 

I think this version has much more "punch." It's not just the heightened saturation and warmer tone. It's as if late afternoon directional sunlight was added to brighten the scene.

 

Here's a night shot of an old West Greenwich Village building in the process of slow repair. It's lit by the very amber sodium vapor street lights. When looking at the individual pixel colors I found that red was clipped - maxed out. That means that red information was lost since the camera could not get an accurate reading but instead hit its limit. That's probably why I have so much trouble trying to get more realistic colors from these images. But that's pretty much what the scene looked like, though the colors are probably more saturated than what I saw. This image is processed as best I could get it.

 

This is the tone mapped output. Notice that the grayish tone of the wall is visible. Maybe I could have gotten that with some color balancing effort in an image editor, but it just seemed to appear with the tone mapping program.

Here's an HDR image of the side wall of the meat processing building. HDR images are tone mapped.

This is the mid toned image of the series of three. The other two are darker and lighter.

I posted this image in a tabblo I made the other day. It's tone mapped.

This is what the image looked like unprocessed out of the camera. I liked the dynamic structure of the image but its tones were too flat. That's why I tried tone mapping on it. The results were better. But in the full sized image I saw noise - colored dots that looked like grain. This had an effect on the apparent fine detail sharpness. I decided to see if I could get a similar result with the standard image editing tools.

 

Not bad. In many ways I prefer this one. Even the aspects of the tone mapped one that I like better I could match. I was working from memory rather than checking continually for differences. The added benefit is that there's no noise generated and the sharpness is retained. It did take about 3 hours to do this one where the tone mapped version took about 20-30 minutes.

 

COMMENTS
SeánanForbes said at 12:09 p.m. on Jan 17, 2008:
This is fascinating. I can imagine getting lost for hours in a single image, tweaking and revising.
Chiloedream said at 12:13 p.m. on Jan 17, 2008:
Oui fascinant, un travail unique, c'est geant, merci mon ami
Memotions said at 12:14 p.m. on Jan 17, 2008:
Great information and of course, the photos, as usual. It is most generous of you to share the finer points of techniques you've learned.
Shenresi said at 12:20 p.m. on Jan 17, 2008:
This is a really great and so difficult stuff. I like specially the first one and the big pic of the Zebra. Also the wonderful " smile- fotos ", I saw them in another tabblo from you - great stuff - !!!
Tishfish said at 12:42 p.m. on Jan 17, 2008:
Very nice work, but all so foreign to me. Maybe after I get a few years of computing under my belt, I'll be able to tackle these. The world of photography holds a lot to be learned.
William44 said at 12:43 p.m. on Jan 17, 2008:
very interesting tabblo.... good information... thanks
Leftofcenter said at 1:18 p.m. on Jan 17, 2008:
it's very candid on your part to give us the behind the scene "schpeel" even showing us the before & after! i guess my middle name is "tone mapping" then!! still, the angle, the scene, the landscape, the color of the sky you pick is important too, something you're the best at, especially around NYC.
Andre. said at 1:55 p.m. on Jan 17, 2008:
Very informative study. Made me think about couple of things. Thank you.
LatentE said at 2:04 p.m. on Jan 17, 2008:
Thanks SeánanForbes, Patty, Angela, Doreen, Bill, Leftie and Andre.

Merci beaucoup Thierry.

Doreen, it isn't really that hard. It's more a matter of becoming picky after looking at pictures for years. It breaks down to something like, "I wish this part was a little darker, that part lighter and that other part more like it was sunset instead of shade. So you "select" those parts by drawing a loop around them and then you make them darker or lighter or shift their color. Repeat that process about 30 times for the different parts of a picture and if you're lucky, you get something that looks good.

SeánanForbes, there's a tabblo I made not long ago of pictures I took in the '70s. The top image in that tabblo was of a woman heavily back lit by the sun. The image was a scan of an old print. I probably still have the negative but it's buried away in boxes of contact sheets. The print was made using cutout masks made from failed prints, all in an effort to get contrast and tones in the face that were lost in the strong back light. I must have made at least 200 prints in trying for the best one I could get. And even then I had to use touch up ink to bring out eyelash detail. But it's much easier to do that on an image you like than to do it for an image you don't care for but someone else wants. Anything on a computer is easy compared to those days.

Leftie, pictures are fun. The better the picture, the more fun. I've no sense of trying to keep that feeling from others.
Snooway said at 8:19 p.m. on Jan 17, 2008:
This is very informative, thank you. I love the zebra:)
Hhwind said at 9:22 p.m. on Jan 17, 2008:
Great tabblo thanks for the lesson too, more lessons please, appreciate your sharing
Photosfornow said at 11:19 p.m. on Jan 17, 2008:
I thank you too, for your master class in digital photography. By this process you do demonstrate leadership. Your sheering of information to me means you are a professional who is willing to be transparent and through that process you teach others and lead and help us to learn to be better photographers and create images that can heighten our experiences and that of others who view them.

I would like to add the Photomatix and the tone mapping program to my system. Where do you recommend I should buy it from?

On another note, I viewed one of your photos in Tabblo in my photos. The photo I am referring to is the shoot in front of the Lincoln Center of the young women who was in a ballet dress. My questions are is that you with you back to the camera taking shoot? And I believe the shoot was lit from camera left with blue gel for effect. Was the light a 2k or 5k? Would you so kind to tell how you set up the shoot and how you lit the shoot?

I know my work leaves a great deal to be desired, I do want make it better and rise above my work. Thank you.
MAKeenen said at 12:12 a.m. on Jan 18, 2008:
Thanks for sharing these examples of tone-mapping. I'll have to check into photomatrix. The photos really turned out nice.
LatentE said at 6:43 a.m. on Jan 18, 2008:
Thanks Sue (snooway), Teo (hhwind), Tony (photosfornow) and Mark (MAKeenen).

Tony,

You can get Photomatix (not ..matrix) on the web.
http://www.hdrsoft.com/

I can't recommend the plug-in only version. In using the plugin from within Photoshop there's a screen in which the effects are viewed as they are dialed in, but when complete and returned back to Photoshop look different. I might have missed something in the setup but for me that's a deal killer. I don't want to have to guess on how different what I'm doing is going to be from what it actually will look like.

This is how Photomatix describes it (the tone mapping plugin problem), though I don't understand why I don't see the problem in going from the stand alone program to the image editor.

..................................................
Preview

The Tone Mapping plug-in takes into account local contrast. This is necessary to ensure that details in highlights and shadows are not lost in the process of compressing the tonal range of the HDR image. Local details however depend on the resolution of the processed image, which means that the preview shown on the plug-in dialog may differ from the final result.

The histogram shown on the left is the histogram of the preview.
..................................................

I forgot to mention that these tone mapping effects usually require a 16 bit image or series of exposure bracketed images for HDR. That means a camera that shoots RAW rather than jpeg. I think a 16 bit tiff can be used along with a RAW image. (RAW is the internal format of a digital camera and is usually 12 bit and higher. Bits represent the number of shades of a color that the camera stores. 8 bit is 256 shades per color - Red/Green/Blue. 16 bit is 65536 shades. Most "point-and-shoot," rather than SLR, cameras don't have a RAW output format.)

As for the street ballerina image, that was a grab shot of the scene as it was. I was behind the camera (the one that took the photo you can see at Tabblo) and not in the picture. I was using my standard "bicycle as tripod" setup, as I did with the woman in the "Post No Bills" image. I used a long exposure to correctly expose the available nighttime street light. By chance the photographer at the tripod, who likely arranged everything, took his picture during one of my fairly long exposures. The chance flash synchronization isn't that surprising in that we both were waiting for some position in a pose and snapped when we saw it.

The blue of the flash was probably due to my having set color balance towards tungsten, leaving the flash looking very blue.

The guy laying on the ground next to the photographer also happened on the scene as I did but he was boorish and put himself in very close range and simply, in that way, was a major distraction to the people trying to get a job done.
LatentE said at 10:42 a.m. on Jan 18, 2008:
My very professional mobile photo studio.
http://www.tabblo.com/studio/item/7463040/
Pkeener said at 12:54 p.m. on Jan 18, 2008:
thanks Latent. this was very informative, and interesting, as well as easy to follow. AND thank you for answering the question I had. about using RAW. I also appreciate your heads up regarding the plug-in.
Pkeener said at 12:55 p.m. on Jan 18, 2008:
LOL. I love your studio! I have a similar one, but have gotten lazy and use my gas powered scooter these days..
Pkeener said at 12:56 p.m. on Jan 18, 2008:
Oh, and LOVE the title
LatentE said at 1:15 p.m. on Jan 18, 2008:
Just an update on the problem I described with the Photomatix plugin. As the quote implies, the problem is a function of the size of the preview. This morning I tested it with the preview screen set to its largest setting. At that size I didn't see any difference when the file was returned to Photoshop. The problem with a large preview screen is that the plugin operations slow drastically.
Sativa said at 4:14 p.m. on Jan 18, 2008:
Great tabblo....!!!
Rheap said at 6:38 p.m. on Jan 18, 2008:
Really interesting! I MUST have a go at this!
GlobeTrekker said at 7:50 p.m. on Jan 18, 2008:
Very interesting. Thanks so much for sharing. Is there some loss of sharpness though after the process?
LatentE said at 8:16 p.m. on Jan 18, 2008:
Thanks Finn (sativa), Ray (rheap) and GlobeTrekker.

GlobeTrekker, I think I was wrong about the loss in sharpness. I've just rechecked the full size "Post No Bills" images and the sharpness seems very similar. That is, excellent. Though the woman is blurred the rest of the image is quite sharp. The black "Post No Bills" wall shows the grain of the wood. Just above that wall is about a foot of fine textured wire mesh. That mesh is clearly visible. What had caused me to think there was a decrease in sharpness was the increase in noise. Specifically, color noise. The black wall on close inspection is a rainbow of colored dots. I guess that's not surprising since that part of the image is deep shadow - black actually. Color saturation has also been greatly increased. The brighter parts of the image don't show color noise.

There's a free version of the program that can be downloaded and tried. It leaves a water mark on some types of output. I don't know the specifics on the watermark tagging but you'll be able to test the program on your own images.
Decoy said at 9:25 p.m. on Jan 18, 2008:
Thank you so much for setting this tabblo up. It's very interesting. I've been thinking of trying the tone mapping, maybe this is what I needed! =) You got some really great pictures in your work! Thanks!
Janer said at 9:53 p.m. on Jan 18, 2008:
Thank you for showing us the possibilities of having better photos. I haven't tried much other than the basic saturation or contrast tweaking so I greatly appreciate your info and tips to go try the techie stuff. :)
Lifequest22 said at 10:54 a.m. on Jan 19, 2008:
Latent--thanks for all this great information. You've given us all a great tutorial.
Debdog said at 2:12 p.m. on Jan 19, 2008:
LAtentE..thanks for sharing with us...i feel like i was in a master level class too! :) I don't inderstand ALL off it...but most of it...makes for a beautiful image that does not appear overdone, and unreal.... :) thanks i LOVE the tone mapped image of the old West Greenich village buliding...very rich,texture, and very cool color... :)
Whya said at 8:30 p.m. on Jan 19, 2008:
great info. thank you :)
LatentE said at 11:53 p.m. on Jan 19, 2008:
Thanks Anna (Decoy), Janer, Linda (lifequest22), Debra (debdog) and Whya.

I've updated the text in the tabblo to correct some errors including my description of any loss in sharpness due to tone mapping. Also I realized a mistake in my description of the old West Village night shot. It was unlikely that any color would be "maxed out" if it was taken in an HDR (high dynamic range) exposure bracketed series. Sure enough, when I rechecked the original images I didn't do exposure bracketing. So that image is a single one, tone mapped.
LatentE said at 8:52 a.m. on Jan 20, 2008:
Another note on tone mapping, at least as it seems to be implemented in Photomatix. If you look at the tone mapped images of the old West Village building you'll see that in the amber image the wall is distinctly even in tone throughout. In contrast, with the tone mapped image dark areas have something of a surrounding lighter halo. You can see it in the right side doorway pillar, which has a lighter band next to it on the wall. Same for the circular hole in the upper left corner for a fan. There appears to be a light halo surrounding the fan. None of this is in the original version of the image.

This I think is at the heart of what Photomatix does. It increases contrast between areas of varied contrast. Sharpening does the same thing on a finer level. I guess you might say Photomatix does "crispening," rather than sharpening. The problem is that in some images this comes across as a blotchy look, with strange dark and light areas. It works in some images and becomes distracting in others.

You can see something of this in the "Post No Bills" picture. To the left of the woman there's a distinct shadow on the black wall. The shadow is not nearly as well defined in the original image.
GlobeTrekker said at 1:10 p.m. on Jan 21, 2008:
Thanks LatentE for answering the question. Just gave it a shot ...actually I was kinda cheating with using just one image and seeing what happens. As expected the significantly darker areas had a little noise (photographer's mistake). I would think the best results would be in adding punch to slightly underexposed areas (as opposed to in my case trying to expose an almost completely dark area).

Also, my camera probably doesn't have it, but by a series of bracketed images, do you guys mean using a tripod to take a few shots with diff. exposures? Since that would require the shots being identical. Or is there a setting on the camera that takes multiple shots with one click?

Thanks again for sharing.
LatentE said at 1:49 p.m. on Jan 21, 2008:
I'm just a beginner in using Photomatix. There are a few groups at Tabblo that are directed towards HDR imaging and those people probably could give you much better insights. Also, on the web, HDR has become fairly popular and there are some incredible images to see and insights to get.

As for using only one image, I think that's fine, especially if bracketed imaging isn't possible. But the image has to be RAW or 16-bit tiff. In this tabblo only the image of the side wall of the meat processing building, with the trucks, was HDR and from a series of bracketed images. I've actually upsampled a jpeg from 8-bit to 16-bit and tried tone mapping. There wasn't much of a dramatic difference, but then I was only trying to bring out details in some highlights. I probably could have done as well or better with a shadow/highlight tool.

Automatic exposure bracketing (AEB) is a function in some digital cameras. It will do much of the tedious work in making a series of exposure bracketed images. On my camera there's a setting for AEB where you select the step in stops between each of three images in a series. The camera will then follow those settings for the next three shots you take. If the camera is set on self-timer, the series of three will be taken automatically. This almost guarantees the need to use a tripod and for the most part I'd say this was true. There was a tabblo here by a member who did this during daylight without a tripod. Unfortunately I don't remember which member that was. With bright light the three exposures happened quickly and there didn't seem to be a need to use a tripod. I didn't see any blur from mis-registered images in the generated HDR images.

I've seen descriptions of using Photomatix where it was recommended not to use the program's aligning feature, which I guess would be needed if the images weren't properly registered (in line with each other). That aspect of the program doesn't seem to work very well, so using a tripod would be almost a necessity. I guess that's why I use a clamp setup that I can work off a bicycle or clamp to a railing or pole. It makes for a portable tripod like device, though without much height adjustment. I use two ball-and-socket heads to allow freedom of movement in the camera's viewpoint.

The Photomatix site lists the cameras that have the AEB feature -
http://www.hdrsoft.com/support/faq_photomatix.html#camera
http://www.hdr-photography.com/aeb.html

Note that there's nothing to prevent doing a series of exposure bracketed images manually, though touching the camera during this procedure to change exposure settings might cause it to shake and misalign the series. Also, I almost forgot, it's best to only change the shutter speed in the series, since changes in aperture change the physical appearance of parts of an image.
DSkok said at 7:06 p.m. on Jan 21, 2008:
LatentE, Thanks for sharing this with us. I have also been playing around with Tone Mapping and Photomatix and found it to be a great way to cope with very high contrast situations as well as a way to take flat photo situations and make them more interesting. Check out this Tabblo of mine which has some Tone Mapped photos:

http://tabblo.com/studio/stories/view/589756/

The more cartoon-like versions were me taking the Tone Mapped shots, and then applying Unsharp Mask with a very high radius, and high amount.

I have started using a technique to get the bracketed shots that Photomatix prefers by using the high speed continuous shooting speed of my camera and the bracketing feature, so that when I take the picture, I take three simultaneously. All of the tone mapped images in the Tabblo above were taken in this way, and were hand-held. Because the lens is Image Stabilized, they remain very closely aligned and either Photoshop ("Generate HDR") or Photomatix can easily re-align them. The only downside is the occasional ghosting effect when someone moves between frames. However I find this can be quite fun, and not distracting.

Best regards, David
LatentE said at 7:39 p.m. on Jan 21, 2008:
Thanks David (DSkok) for your comment. You were the member I was referring to in my previous comment about doing bracketing hand held. Sorry I had forgotten your nick. People interested in the more surreal aspects of imaging with HDR, tone mapping and Photomatix should really take a look at the tabblo you made and linked to.

Here's the link again -
http://tabblo.com/studio/stories/view/589756/

Many of those images are on my regular cycling route - Caliente Cab at Bleeker & 7thAv; the arch at Washington Square along with the church just off Washington Square (I've got a slide of that church from about 1970); the turnoff on 3rdAv to the 59th St Bridge; and the meat packing district. I haven't done the path around the Central Park reservoir. Supposedly Madonna used to do daily runs there.
LatentE said at 1:08 p.m. on Jan 22, 2008:
There's an excellent tutorial at Tabblo on using Photomatix for creating HDR images. Tabblo member and photographer par excellence Zero42 made the tutorial.
http://www.tabblo.com/studio/stories/view/241610/

Also check out the quality work done by Tabblo members at the HDR group.
http://www.tabblo.com/studio/group/hdr
Pkeener said at 2:19 p.m. on Jan 24, 2008:
i miss Zero!!!
ElZorroTOX said at 4:22 p.m. on Jan 24, 2008:
Thanks for the pics and the lesson!
LatentE said at 8:49 p.m. on Jan 24, 2008:
Agreed Pam. Zero42 is a superb photographer with an enormous amount of energy. I guess his energy took him elsewhere.

Thanks ElZorroTOX. It was my pleasure.
Cowgirl said at 10:03 p.m. on Jan 24, 2008:
THANKS FOR ALL THE INFO I NEED THIS .. EVERYONE SO CLEVER .I HAVE ONLY BEEN ON TABBLO
FOR A FEW WEEKS... AND JUST MY LITTLE KODAK Z710 IN JUNE...I;M HAVING FUN WITH TABBLO AND LEARNING A LOT FROM EVERYONE... THANKS
Daniela.arciprete said at 5:25 p.m. on Jan 26, 2008:
hi
thank you for your welcome

this page is very interesting
I'll read it slowly, very slowly to understand something
it's the way to save a lot of photos done in particular conditions

escuse for my english

bye
d
Jaybirdtoo said at 11:49 p.m. on Jan 26, 2008:
This is very interesting to me. You did an amazing job!
Krisu said at 9:58 a.m. on Feb 5, 2008:
Glad I found this! :)
Msisongkram said at 6:40 a.m. on Feb 7, 2008:
it's indeed something really new for me as the begginer in photograhy. I think I will take years to master what you did. But I'm glad you shared with all of us at the Tabblo. Well done!
Ruben06 said at 8:52 p.m. on Feb 12, 2008:
Great technique..I have to read it slowly because it is very interesting..Great information and display of pics. It will take me years to accomplish what you have done..Amazing..great job.
Charlespop said at 8:07 a.m. on Feb 21, 2008:
Wow.....really informative tabblo.....this is a real service to the community....and boy have you sold me on Milk fed tone mapping. Your prose is really reader friendly..makes this dern important technical stuff come alive...I hope in the future we will see many more "tricks of the trade tabblos " like this one....thanks again !
Hellodear said at 7:02 p.m. on Mar 6, 2008:
Fantastic. I love it. Great sharing. I will try.
Ira said at 2:07 a.m. on Mar 10, 2008:
Miraculous Tabblo!
Siagian said at 11:18 a.m. on Mar 27, 2008:
LatentE, this is an excellent study in tone-mapping and hdr. there is just so much to learn in this age of digital photography, especially for a nascent enthusiast as myself. i truly enjoy reading all your posts and comments. bravo.
Thyme2dream said at 6:17 p.m. on Apr 18, 2008:
you are a natural teacher, this is a great tabblo! Thank you for taking the time to demonstrate tone-mapping in an easy to understand, informative introduction:-)
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